A brain tumor is an abnormal growth of cells in the brain. Tumors can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They can originate in the brain (primary tumors) or spread to the brain from other parts of the body (secondary or metastatic tumors).

If someone has sustained a head injury, it's essential to seek medical attention immediately. Call emergency services and do not attempt to move the person unless there is an immediate threat to their safety, such as a fire or ongoing danger.

Endoscopic spine surgery is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that uses a small, tubular instrument called an endoscope to visualize and treat various spinal conditions. The endoscope is inserted through a small incision, allowing surgeons to access and address issues in the spine with less tissue disruption than traditional open surgery.

Spinal injections involve the injection of medication into the spine or its surrounding structures to alleviate pain, reduce inflammation, and provide diagnostic information. These injections are commonly used as part of a comprehensive approach to manage various spinal conditions.

Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (MISS) is a surgical approach that utilizes advanced techniques and specialized instruments to treat spinal conditions with smaller incisions compared to traditional open surgery. The goal is to minimize tissue damage, reduce blood loss, and expedite recovery.